DALLAS — A U.S. appeals court blocked the Biden administration's 2024 rule requiring airlines to reveal service fees upfront, saying the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)  had failed to follow proper procedures. 

The January 28, 2025, decision returned the rule to the department for revision, tampering with the administration's efforts to boost pricing transparency in air travel.

The ruling became effective in April 2024. It required airlines and ticket agents to post baggage fees, change fees, and other ancillary charges alongside the base airfare. The aim was to protect consumers from surprise charges and give them the information they needed to make better booking choices.

However, major US airlines and industry groups said it would be a redundant layer of regulation, an unnecessary hurdle for them to jump.

Legal Challenge, Ruling

The court recognized that the DOT could regulate airline fee disclosures if it concerns unfair or deceptive practices. However, it also determined that the department did not permit airlines to review and comment on a study assessing the rule's effects. Thus, the court held that the rule was procedurally defective and was due for review before it was enforceable.

Airlines for America industry trade group representing American Airlines (AA), Delta Air Lines (DL), United Airlines (UA), JetBlue Airways (B6), and Alaska Airlines (AS)-said it was pleased with the decision, calling the rule "regulatory overreach.” According to the group, disclosing the fee at the point of sale would confuse consumers with too much information. 

This move is very far from the aim of making the booking process more straightforward and more transparent. As of January 20, 2025, the DOT is run by the Trump administration and has made no statement on whether it will modify the rule given this court decision or altogether rescind it.

The Controversy Over Airline Fees

The blocked regulation was part of a broader push by the Biden administration to curb what it called "junk fees" in the travel industry. According to an estimate released by DOT, consumers were paying an additional US$543 million annually in surprise fees, mostly baggage charges that were more expensive at the airport than when booked in advance.

It will require airlines to disclose their fees on the Internet by April 2025 and submit their fee data to ticket agents selling the airlines' tickets on third-party sites by October 2024. Opponents say the changes would involve costly upgrades in booking systems for airlines' parts, and some say carriers might have to pay millions.

The extent to which fee transparency should be adopted in the U.S. airline industry has been debated for years. While carriers support the position that unbundled pricing allows passengers to pick and choose only the services they need, thus making air travel more affordable for those who prefer to travel cheaply with minimal extras, critics express that hidden fees prevent consumers from comparing total trip costs across carriers, thereby promising surprises at the airport.

What’s Next for the Fee Disclosure Rule?

The court's decision will allow the DOT to modify and resubmit its rule or drop it altogether. If it opts for the modified version, it would be required to allow more avenues for comments from the airlines and industry stakeholders in a final settlement of the move.

Consumer advocacy groups have been calling on the DOT to continue fighting for transparency, arguing that passengers have a right to know the full cost of their trip before buying a ticket. Of course, that may not necessarily be reflected under the new administration.

The court's ruling is a setback for airline fee transparency but does not stop the DOT from pursuing similar regulations. For now, passengers booking flights will still need to navigate the current system, where ancillary fees may not always be transparent at the time of purchase.

The decision leaves the door ajar: Will the DOT move forward with a revised rule, or does fee transparency remain in the airlines?

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