‍DALLAS — IAG shares fell 4.3% following regulatory action by the UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) requiring concessions on key transatlantic routes.

The CMA recently concluded an investigation into the Atlantic Joint Business Agreement (AJBA), a partnership among British Airways (BA), American Airlines (AA), Iberia (IB), Aer Lingus (EI), and Finnair (AY). The investigation followed raised concerns that the AJBA could restrict competition on four key routes connecting London to major US cities: Boston, Chicago, Dallas, and Miami.

According to connect.cma.gov.uk, the five airlines have offered several significant commitments to address the CMA's concerns. First, American Airlines (AA) and British Airways (BA) agreed to make valuable slot pairs available to competing airlines for use on three UK-US routes: London-Boston, London-Chicago, and London-Miami. 

These highly-coveted take-off and landing slots at London airports represent a major concession. As we know, airport slots at major hubs like London Heathrow Airport (LHR) are valuable assets for airlines, which vie for prime flight times crucial for efficient operations.

Additionally, the carriers committed to carrying a minimum number of "local passengers" on the London-Dallas route each year. Local passengers don't start or end their journey elsewhere, so his measure would ensure that service quality is maintained on this route despite the partnership agreement.

Supporting Measures for Competition

The commitments package also includes supporting measures to help competing airlines establish viable services on the affected routes. These include giving access to connecting passengers on preferential terms.

Such measures could help smaller carriers like Ryanair (FR) and EasyJet (U2) network sustainable operations on these transatlantic routes, which could increase competition in a market dominated by AJBA members.

The CMA is currently consulting on these commitments until April 23, 2025, and has provisionally indicated that the measures may adequately address its competition concerns.

Broader Market Challenges

According to proactiveinvestors.com, Barclays' concerns extend beyond regulatory issues to encompass broader economic challenges.

The British multinational universal bank headquartered in London, England, has highlighted risks tha could reduce demand for transatlantic flights. These risks include a "slowing U.S. economy, volatile financial markets, and potential trade tensions with Europe." These factors may compound the effects of the CMA's regulatory action.

Furthermore, U.S. carriers have rejigged their profit outlooks for 2025, citing weaker demand. Although they claim the slowdown is limited to domestic travel, there are concerns this weakness could spread to international routes in Q2.

According to the bank,  travelers who drive premium leisure demand may not be immune to these economic pressures either.

Market Context, Tariff Concerns

Of course, the share price movement in IAG occurred against broader market anxiety. On the day IAG shares fell 4.3%, the FTSE 100 slid 0.08% to 8658.85 points, and the FTSE 250 fell 0.3% to 19864.98 points. These movements were in part influenced by concerns about tariffs weighing on global stock markets.

On March 27, 2025, Trump announced new 25% import tariffs on vehicles and automotive parts, described as "permanent.”

While these tariffs primarily target the automotive sector, uk.finance.yahoo.com reports that they fuel investor anxiety about escalating trade tensions between the US and Europe, which could spill over into other sectors, including aviation. Looking at the latest yearly outlooks from various airlines, it already has.

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